PART A: OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS (OBJ)
Choose the correct answer from the option
s A–D.
The line that divides the earth into two equal halves is the
A. Tropic of Cancer
B. Equator
C. Greenwich Meridian
D. Arctic Circle
Answer: B
Which of the following instruments is used to measure rainfall?
A. Hygrometer
B. Thermometer
C. Rain gauge
D. Barometer
Answer: C
Weathering caused by temperature changes is called
A. Chemical weathering
B. Biological weathering
C. Mechanical weathering
D. Solution weathering
Answer: C
The largest desert in Africa is the
A. Namib Desert
B. Sahara Desert
C. Kalahari Desert
D. Atacama Desert
Answer: B
A plateau is defined as
A. A flat land at high elevation
B. A valley between mountains
C. A lowland area near rivers
D. A coastal plain
Answer: A
The main occupation of people living in the savanna region of Nigeria is
A. Fishing
B. Lumbering
C. Farming
D. Mining
Answer: C
The process by which water changes from liquid to vapour is
A. Condensation
B. Evaporation
C. Precipitation
D. Transpiration
Answer: B
Which of the following is a non-renewable resource?
A. Solar energy
B. Wind energy
C. Coal
D. Hydropower
Answer: C
Which river is the longest in Africa?
A. Niger
B. Nile
C. Congo
D. Zambezi
Answer: B
Population density refers to
A. Total population of a country
B. Number of people per unit area
C. Birth rate of a region
D. Death rate of a region
Answer: B
PART B: THEORY / ESSAY QUESTIONS
Question 1
(a) Define weathering.
(b) Explain three types of weathering.
(c) State two effects of weathering on human activities.
Answer
(a) Weathering is the breaking down of rocks into smaller particles at or near the earth’s surface without movement.
(b) Types of weathering:
Physical weathering – breakdown of rocks due to temperature changes, pressure, or frost.
Chemical weathering – decomposition of rocks due to chemical reactions with water or oxygen.
Biological weathering – breakdown of rocks by plants, animals, and microorganisms.
(c) Effects of weathering
Formation of soil for agriculture
Supply of mineral resources
Weakening of buildings and roads
Question 2
(a) What is climate?
(b) Explain four factors affecting climate.
Answer
Climate is the average weather condition of a place over a long period of time.
Factors affecting climate include:
Latitude – places near the equator are hotter.
Altitude – temperature decreases with height.
Distance from the sea – coastal areas have moderate climate.
Ocean currents – warm currents increase temperature while cold currents reduce it.
Question 3
(a) Draw a sketch map of Nigeria.
(b) On the map locate:
River Niger
River Benue
Lagos
Kano
(c) State three reasons for high population density in Lagos.
Answer
Reasons include:
Availability of employment opportunities
Presence of industries and commercial activities
Good transport and port facilities
Availability of social amenities
High population density often leads to housing shortage, unemployment, and traffic congestion.
Question 4
(a) Define agriculture.
(b) Mention five problems facing agriculture in Nigeria.
Answer
Agriculture is the cultivation of crops and rearing of animals for food and raw materials.
Problems include:
Poor farming tools
Lack of capital
Poor transportation
Pest and disease attacks
Irregular rainfall
Question 5
(a) What is industry?
(b) Explain four factors influencing the location of industries.
Answer
Industry refers to activities involved in the processing of raw materials into finished or semi-finished goods.
Factors influencing location:
Availability of raw materials
Availability of labour
Transportation facilities
Market for finished products
Tip for WAEC Geography candidates:
Focus on map reading, climate, population, agriculture, transportation, and Nigerian regional geography, as these commonly appear in the exam.
