WAEC 2026 Environmental Science Questions and Answers (May/June)
Preparing for WAEC 2026 Environmental Science requires a solid understanding of ecological concepts, environmental issues, and sustainable practices. This guide provides carefully structured WAEC 2026 Environmental Science objective and essay questions and answers to help students revise effectively and boost their chances of success in the May/June examination.
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WAEC 2026 Environmental Science Questions and Answers (May/June), SECTION A: OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS (1–20)
1. Ecology is the study of:
A. Plants only
B. Animals only
C. Living organisms and their environment
D. Soil only
Answer: C
2. The layer of the atmosphere closest to the earth is:
A. Stratosphere
B. Troposphere
C. Mesosphere
D. Thermosphere
Answer: B
3. Which of the following is a renewable resource?
A. Coal
B. Petroleum
C. Wind
D. Natural gas
Answer: C
4. Deforestation leads to:
A. Increased rainfall
B. Soil erosion
C. Reduced temperature
D. Increased oxygen
Answer: B
5. The process by which plants make food is called:
A. Respiration
B. Photosynthesis
C. Transpiration
D. Digestion
Answer: B
6. An example of a non-biodegradable waste is:
A. Paper
B. Leaves
C. Plastic
D. Food waste
Answer: C
7. Ozone layer depletion is mainly caused by:
A. Oxygen
B. Carbon dioxide
C. Chlorofluorocarbons
D. Nitrogen
Answer: C
8. The major source of water pollution is:
A. Rainfall
B. Industrial waste
C. Wind
D. Sunlight
Answer: B
9. Which of the following is a greenhouse gas?
A. Oxygen
B. Nitrogen
C. Carbon dioxide
D. Hydrogen
Answer: C
10. Conservation means:
A. Waste of resources
B. Protection of natural resources
C. Destruction of wildlife
D. Burning of forests
Answer: B
11. Soil fertility can be improved by:
A. Overgrazing
B. Crop rotation
C. Deforestation
D. Burning
Answer: B
12. Acid rain is caused by:
A. Oxygen and hydrogen
B. Sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides
C. Carbon monoxide
D. Methane
Answer: B
13. A habitat is:
A. A type of animal
B. The natural home of an organism
C. A type of plant
D. A chemical
Answer: B
14. Which of the following causes global warming?
A. Afforestation
B. Greenhouse gases
C. Recycling
D. Conservation
Answer: B
15. Overpopulation leads to:
A. Resource abundance
B. Resource depletion
C. Environmental stability
D. Reduced waste
Answer: B
16. The main source of energy for the earth is:
A. Moon
B. Sun
C. Wind
D. Water
Answer: B
17. Desertification is common in:
A. Forest areas
B. Coastal areas
C. Dry regions
D. Mountains
Answer: C
18. Which of the following is a primary consumer?
A. Lion
B. Goat
C. Hawk
D. Snake
Answer: B
19. Pollution can be defined as:
A. Clean environment
B. Addition of harmful substances to the environment
C. Natural process
D. None of the above
Answer: B
20. Waste management includes:
A. Dumping waste anywhere
B. Burning forests
C. Recycling and proper disposal
D. Polluting water
Answer: C
WAEC 2026 Environmental Science Questions and Answers (May/June), SECTION B: ESSAY QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS (1–20)
1. What is environmental science?
Answer: Environmental science is the study of the interaction between living organisms and their environment, including physical, chemical, and biological components.
2. Explain the importance of natural resources.
Answer: Natural resources provide food, shelter, energy, and raw materials necessary for human survival and economic development.
3. Define pollution and mention its types.
Answer: Pollution is the introduction of harmful substances into the environment. Types include air, water, soil, and noise pollution.
4. What are the causes of deforestation?
Answer: Causes include logging, agriculture, urbanization, and bush burning.
5. State the effects of global warming.
Answer: Effects include rising temperatures, melting ice caps, sea level rise, and extreme weather conditions.
6. Describe soil erosion.
Answer: Soil erosion is the removal of the top layer of soil by wind or water, reducing soil fertility.
7. Mention methods of waste management.
Answer: Recycling, reuse, composting, and proper disposal in landfills.
8. What is conservation?
Answer: Conservation is the protection and sustainable use of natural resources.
9. Explain the greenhouse effect.
Answer: The greenhouse effect is the trapping of heat in the earth’s atmosphere by gases like carbon dioxide.
10. List renewable energy sources.
Answer: Solar, wind, hydroelectric, and biomass energy.
11. What is biodiversity?
Answer: Biodiversity refers to the variety of living organisms in an ecosystem.
12. Explain desertification.
Answer: Desertification is the process by which fertile land becomes desert due to drought and human activities.
13. State causes of water pollution.
Answer: Industrial waste, oil spills, sewage, and agricultural runoff.
14. What is afforestation?
Answer: Afforestation is the planting of trees in areas without forest cover.
15. Explain ecosystem.
Answer: An ecosystem is a community of living organisms interacting with their physical environment.
16. Mention effects of overpopulation.
Answer: Resource depletion, pollution, overcrowding, and unemployment.
17. Define climate change.
Answer: Climate change refers to long-term changes in temperature and weather patterns.
18. State ways to control pollution.
Answer: Use of clean energy, proper waste disposal, laws, and environmental education.
19. What is sustainable development?
Answer: Development that meets present needs without compromising future generations.
20. Explain food chain.
Answer: A food chain shows how energy flows from one organism to another in an ecosystem.
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